England Vs. Spain
By: Ashley Schauffler & Olivia Black
Anglo-Spanish War / Spanish Armada
Course of War-
1585 through 1604 consisted of battles between Spain and England starting with England's expedition to Netherlands in 1588.
- Spanish Armada sent on May 28, 1588.
- Spanish Armada first spotted on July 19, 1588.
- Over the next two weeks, widely separated fighting occurred.
- Largest English attack happened on August 8.
- July 27, Armada anchored at Calais.
- July 28, English sent fire ships to Armada.
- August 9, Spanish abandoned invasion plan to circle back home, survivors of trip were killed by Elizabeth's troops.
- Over the following weeks, Spanish came to port, both ships and people, in bad condition.
After this, Spanish troops had lost about 50 ships and 5,000 men, and the English had lost around 50-100 men and had 400 men wounded. The war continued until 1603/1604, with the Spanish generally getting the best of England, but they never again attempted to invade England again.
Earl of Leicester or Robert Dudley
Robert Dudley was an English nobleman. He was a very close friend of Queen Elizabeth I. He was in overall command of the English land forces and invited Elizabeth to visit her troops in Tilbury. Dudley was also a principal patron of the arts, literature, and the Elizabethan theatre.
Francis Drake
Francis Drake was an English privateer, navigator, slaver, sea captain, and politician in the Elizabethan era. Elizabeth I awarded Drake a knight hood in 1581. He was also the second in command of the English fleet against the Spanish Armada in 1588. He died after an unsuccessful attack on San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Duke of Medina Sidonia
Alonso Perez de Guzman was the 7th Duke of Medina Sidonia. He came from one of the wealthiest family in Spain, and Philip II considered him the best administrator in the country. In 1586, the king placed him in charge of preparing the invasion of England. He was given command of the Spanish Armada in 1588.
Queen Mary I
Mary I was the queen of England and Ireland from July 1553 until her death in 1558. Her execution of Protestants led to the urban legend we know today of "Bloody Mary."
Queen Elizabeth I
Elizabeth was the queen of England and Ireland from 1558 to her death in 1603. Sometimes called the Virgin Queen, Gloriana, or Good Queen Bess, the childless Elizabeth was the fifth and last monarch of the Tudor Dynasty.
King Philip II
King Philip II was king of Spain from 1556 and of Portugal from 1581. From 1554 he was kind of Naples and Sicily as well as duke of Milan. During his marriage to Queen Mary I , he was also kind of England and Ireland. From 1555, he was lord of the seventeen provinces of the Netherlands. His empire included territories on every continent then known to Europeans.
Causes for war
Cause: Philip || of Spain was faced with increasing religious disturbances as Protestantism gained adherents in his domains in the Low Countries. As a defender of the Catholic Church, he went to seek the suppression of the rising Protestant religious beliefs in his territories, which eventually lead to open rebellion. Calls by leading English Protestants to support the Dutch rebels against King Philip, and the Catholic protest and disturbances in France increased tensions further. The Protestant Elizabeth | of England had antagonized Catholics by making the Church of England the official church of the kingdom. Philip and the Catholic Church considered Mary | to be rightful queen of England. In September 1568, a slaving expedition led by Hawkins and Sir Francis Drake was surprised by the Spanish, and several ships were captured or sunk, at San Juan de Ulúa, near Veracruz, Mexico. This engagement soured Anglo-Spanish relations, and in the following year the English detained several treasure ships sent by the Spanish to supply their army in the Netherlands. Drake and Hawkins, amongst others, intensified their privateering as a way to break the Spanish monopoly on Atlantic trade.In 1585, Elizabeth signed the Treaty of Nonsuch with the Dutch, agreeing to provide them with men, horses, and a subsidy. Philip II took this to be a declaration of war against his government
Years
1585-1604
Outcome
The war was settled by the Treaty of London. The Treaty of London was signed on August 18, 1604, concluding the 19 year war.
Some of the terms on the Treaty included:
- Spain taking back its intentions on restoring Catholicism in England.
- The English Channel opening up to Spain shipping.
- Ships of both countries could use sea ports, which helped in their war against the Dutch.
Why was this war significant?
This war was significant because many different conflicts between Spain and England were solved and restored, including English trade with the Spanish Netherlands and the English support for the Dutch rebellion against Spain.
Summary
The Anglo-Spanish war was a war between England and Spain from 1585 through 1604. The war was caused by the conflicts between the Queen and Spain including religion and trade. The war included the Spanish Armada which was Spain's attack of ships on England. The war was settled by The Treaty of London in 1604.