The Dutch Revolt (1568-1648)
Mariza Hernandez, Maribel Zepeda
Summary
The Dutch Revolt was also known as the eighty year war and the revolt of the Netherlands. This revolt happened in the fifteenth century, it started in 1568 and ended in 1648. The Dutch Revolt was against the Spanish, because they tried to take control over the Netherlands. This war was due to Calvinism against the Roman Catholicism, economic issues, King Philip II taking control with taxation. The Eighty Year War had three revolts and each of them had reasons for war. Overall the time of the war independence of the Netherlands was significant, it became wealthy and a powerful empire rivaling the other nations of Europe.
Causes
Root causes:
Spain wasn't helping the Netherlands. Instead they were giving them heavy taxations, Suppression of Protestantism, and there was major centralization of King Philip II.
Direct cause:
The kidnapping of William of Orange's son.
Key Figures
William of Orange
(1533-1584) William the Silent was another known name for him. William was an ambitious nobleman and a stadtholder. He was the leader of the northern rebellion. He was assassinated in the Netherlands.
Maurice of Orange
(1567-1625) He was the son of William the Silent. Maurice was the Prince of Orange. His successions were on lands and seas which enabled the conclusion of the Twelve year Truce with Spain.
King Philip II
(1527-1598) He was the son of the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V. King Philip was the king of Spain and later on the king of Portugal. He ruled over the largest empire. His religion was Roman Catholic.
Frederik Hendrik
(1584-1686) He was the half brother of Maurice of Orange, and he became the Prince of Orange, later on after his half brother's death. Frederik also became a stadtholder.
Margaret Of Parma
(1522-1586) Sister of Philip II. She was sent to governor the Netherlands, because they didn't have a leader. She was very tolerant and nice, which caused the spread of Calvinism and the revolts.
Duke Of Alba
He was also known as the Council of Blood. Philip II replaced Margaret of Parma with the Duke of Alba, because he was strict. He kidnapped the son of William of Orange.
Course
- 1519: King Charles of Spain becomes the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V.
- 1568: The Eighty Year War begins between Spain and the Province.
- 1568: William the Silent leads revolt against Spanish government.
- 1573: Dutch defeats Spanish fleet at Battle on Zulderzee.
- 1581: Act of Abjuration
- 1584: William the Silent gets assassinated.
- 1584: Maurice of Orange takes fathers place as stadtholder.
- 1607: Dutch defeats Spanish fleets at Gibraltar.
- 1609: Twelve Year Truce with Spain.
- 1621: End of Twelve Year Truce.
- 1625: Prince Frederik Hendrik takes brothers place and becomes prince.
- 1648: Spanish recognizes Dutch independence.
- 1648: Peace of Westphalia.
- 1648: The Treaty Of Münster.
Outcome
The war between Spain and the Netherlands ended in January 30, 1648. Out of these two countries, the Netherlands were victorious. The war ended with the Treaty of Münster. The Netherlands were freed from Spain. It won the independence of the Dutch Republic.
Main Significance
The main significance of the Dutch Revolt was that Spain lost control over the Netherlands after 80 years of war. The Spanish decided it was time to move on and worry about other countries. The Netherlands won the independence to free itself from Spain.
Primary Source
Treaty of Münster
The Treaty of Münster was between the Dutch Republic and Spain. The Treaty took place in a town called Münster. The Treaty was a result of two year negotiation. Each country had respresentatives to sign the Treaty. This was when the Dutch were recognized as a free country.